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oracle bone script
Oracle bone script () is the set of incised (or, rarely, brush-written〔Qiú 2000 p. 60 states that a few were written with a brush and either ink or cinnabar.〕) ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones, which were animal bones or turtle shells used in divination in Bronze Age China. The vast majority〔A few such shells and bones do not record divinations, but bear other records such as those of hunting trips, records of sacrifices, wars or other events (Xu Yahui. 許雅惠. 2002, p. 34. ), calendars (Xu Yahui p. 31), or practice inscriptions; these are termed shell and bone inscriptions, rather than oracle bones, because no oracle (divination) was involved. However, they are still written in oracle bone script.〕 record the pyromantic divinations of the royal house of the late Shang dynasty at the capital of Yin (modern Anyang, Henan Province); dating of the Anyang examples of oracle bone script varies from ca. 14th–11th centuries BCE〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Oracle Bone Script )〕〔Qiu Xigui (裘錫圭 2000) ''Chinese Writing'', p. 29.〕〔Xu Yahui, p. 4.〕 to c. 1200–1050 BCE.〔William G. Boltz: "Early Chinese Writing", ''World Archaeology'', Vol. 17, No. 3, Early Writing Systems (1986), pp. 420–36 (436): 〕〔David N. Keightley: "Art, Ancestors, and the Origins of Writing in China", ''Representations'', No. 56, Special Issue: The New Erudition (1996), pp. 68–95 (68): 〕〔Keightley 1978 pp. xiii, 171–6; Boltz 1994 & 2003, p. 31; the dating of the end of the Shang is still a controversial topic.〕〔(John DeFrancis: Visible Speech. The Diverse Oneness of Writing Systems: Chinese )〕 Very few oracle bone writings date to the beginning of the subsequent Zhou dynasty, because pyromancy fell from favor and divining with milfoil became more common.〔Nylan, Michael (2001). The five "Confucian" classics, p. 217〕 The late Shang oracle bone writings, along with a few contemporary characters in a different style cast in bronzes, constitute the earliest〔Boltz (1994 & 2003), p.31〕 significant corpus of Chinese writing, which is essential for the study of Chinese etymology, as Shang writing is directly ancestral to the modern Chinese script. It is also the oldest known member and ancestor of the Chinese family of scripts.
==Name==
Because turtle shells as well as bones were used, the oracle bone script is also sometimes called ''shell and bone script''. As the majority of oracle bones bearing writing date to the late Shang dynasty, ''oracle bone script'' essentially refers to a Shang script. People believed that the shells told powers of their gods, so that is why it is called "Oracle Bone Script".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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